Issue: 2025, Vol. 30, No. 1

A. V. Kustov, A. I. Strelnikov, M. A. Moryganov, E. V. Lyalyakina, S. R. Toms

URINE ABNORMALITIES AND RISK FACTORS FOR CALCIUM OXALATE, CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND URIC ACID STONE FORMERS: THE COMPARATIVE STUDY

Keywords

calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid calculi; quantitative mineralogical analysis; urine components; metabolic disorders; risk factors

Abstarct

The objective is to focus on the difference in 24-hour biochemistry and pH of daily urine for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP) and uric acid (U) calculi formers. Material and Мethods. The quantitative mineralogical composition of calculi, a daily collection and the mean pH value of urine were examined for 46 stone formers with powder X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometric and pH-metric techniques. Results and Discussion. No calculi was found to be composed of struvite or ammonium urate associated with the urinary infection. Hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria were identified as the most frequent disorders. The U stone formers had a dramatically decreased daily calcium excretion compared to the CaOx and CaP ones, while the CaP patients demonstrated a significantly higher phosphate level than those with CaOx and U calculi. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that most patients simultaneously have several metabolic abnormalities or risk factors. Special attention should be paid to normalizing a daily citrate and urate excretion, without reference to the calculi type, followed by reorientation in dietary habits and a life style. The CaP and U stone formers may require a special evaluation of a daily pH profile of urine to highlight acid/base abnormalities associated with calculi formation.